sâmbătă, 18 august 2007
Constitutia Romaniei - Principii generale
CONSTITUŢIA ROMÂNIEITITLUL I - Principii generale
ARTICOLUL 1: Statul român
(1) România este stat naţional, suveran şi independent, unitar şi indivizibil.
(2) Forma de guvernământ a statului român este republica.
(3) România este stat de drept, democratic şi social, în care demnitatea omului, drepturile şi libertăţile cetăţenilor, libera dezvoltare a personalităţii umane, dreptatea şi pluralismul politic reprezintă valori supreme, în spiritul tradiţiilor democratice ale poporului român şi idealurilor Revoluţiei din decembrie 1989, şi sunt garantate.
(4) Statul se organizează potrivit principiului separaţiei şi echilibrului puterilor - legislativă, executivă şi judecătorească - în cadrul democraţiei constituţionale.
(5) În România, respectarea Constituţiei, a supremaţiei sale şi a legilor este obligatorie.
ARTICOLUL 2: Suveranitatea
(1) Suveranitatea naţională aparţine poporului român, care o exercită prin organele sale reprezentative, constituite prin alegeri libere, periodice şi corecte, precum şi prin referendum.
(2) Nici un grup şi nici o persoană nu pot exercita suveranitatea în nume propriu.
ARTICOLUL 3: Teritoriul
(1) Teritoriul României este inalienabil.
(2) Frontierele ţării sunt consfinţite prin lege organică, cu respectarea principiilor şi a celorlalte norme general admise ale dreptului internaţional.
(3) Teritoriul este organizat, sub aspect administrativ, în comune, oraşe şi judeţe. În condiţiile legii, unele oraşe sunt declarate municipii.
(4) Pe teritoriul statului român nu pot fi strămutate sau colonizate populaţii străine.
ARTICOLUL 4: Unitatea poporului şi egalitatea între cetăţeni
(1) Statul are ca fundament unitatea poporului român şi solidaritatea cetăţenilor săi.
(2) România este patria comună şi indivizibilă a tuturor cetăţenilor săi, fără deosebire de rasă, de naţionalitate, de origine etnică, de limbă, de religie, de sex, de opinie, de apartenenţă politică, de avere sau de origine socială.
ARTICOLUL 5: Cetăţenia
(1) Cetăţenia română se dobândeşte, se păstrează sau se pierde în condiţiile prevăzute de legea organică.
(2) Cetăţenia română nu poate fi retrasă aceluia care a dobândit-o prin naştere.
world wonders - The Statue of Zeus at Olympia
This is the statue of the god in whose honor the Ancient Olympic games were held. It was located on the land that gave its very name to the Olympics. At the time of the games, wars stopped, and athletes came from Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt, and Sicily to celebrate the Olympics and to worship their king of gods: Zeus.
Location
At the ancient town of Olympia, on the west coast of modern Greece, about 150 km west of Athens.
History
The ancient Greek calendar starts in 776 BC, for the Olympic games are believed to have started that year. The magnificent temple of Zeus was designed by the architect Libon and was built around 450 BC. Under the growing power of ancient Greece, the simple Doric-style temple seemed too mundane, and modifications were needed.
The solution: A majestic statue. The Athenian sculptor Pheidias was assigned for the "sacred" task, reminiscent of Michelangelo's paintings at the Sistine Chapel.
For the years that followed, the temple attracted visitors and worshippers from all over the world. In the second century BC repairs were skillfully made to the aging statue. In the first century AD, the Roman emperor Caligula attempted to transport the statue to Rome. However, his attempt failed when the scaffolding built by Caligula's workmen collapsed. After the Olympic games were banned in AD 391 by the emperor Theodosius I as Pagan practices, the temple of Zeus was ordered closed.
Olympia was further struck by earthquakes, landslides and floods, and the temple was damaged by fire in the fifth century AD. Earlier, the statue had been transported by wealthy Greeks to a palace in Constantinople. There, it survived until it was destroyed by a severe fire in AD 462. Today nothing remains at the site of the old temple except rocks and debris, the foundation of the buildings, and fallen columns.
today in history
========::Events::========* 293 BC - The oldest known Roman temple to Venus (mythology) was founded, starting the institution of Vinalia Rustica.
* 1201 - The city of Riga is founded.
* 1541 - A Portuguese ship drifts ashore in the ancient Japanese province of Higo (modern day Kumamoto Prefecture).
* 1572 - Wedding in Paris of the Huguenot King Henry IV of Navarre with Marguerite de Valois, in a supposed attempt to reconcile Protestants and Catholics.
* 1587 - Virginia Dare, granddaughter of Gov. John White of the Colony of Roanoke, becomes the first English child born in the Americas.
* 1634 - Urbain Grandier, accused and convicted of sorcery, burned alive in Loudun, France.
* 1775 - The Spanish established a presidio (fort) and the town came to be called Tucson, Arizona.
* 1848 - Camila O'Gorman and Ladislao Gutierrez executed on orders by Argentine dictator Juan Manuel de Rosas.
* 1864 - American Civil War: Battle of Globe Tavern - Union forces try to cut a vital Confederate supply-line into Petersburg, Virginia, by attacking the Weldon Railroad.
* 1868 - French astronomer Pierre Jules César Janssen discovers helium.
* 1870 - Franco-Prussian War: Battle of Gravelotte is fought.
* 1877 - Asaph Hall discovers Martian moon Phobos.
* 1903 - German engineer Karl Jatho allegedly flies his self-made, motored gliding airplane four months before the first flight of the Wright Brothers.
* 1909 - Tokyo mayor Yukio Ozaki presents Washington, D.C. with 2,000 cherry trees, which President Taft decides to plant near the Potomac River.
* 1917 - A Great Fire in Thessaloniki, Greece destroys 32% of the city leaving 70,000 individuals homeless.
* 1938 - The Thousand Islands Bridge, connecting New York State, United States with Ontario, Canada over the St. Lawrence River, is dedicated by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
* 1941 - Adolf Hitler orders a temporary halt to Nazi Germany's systematic euthanasia of mentally ill and handicapped due to protests.
* 1946 - Around 70 people died in the Vergarolla explosion.
* 1963 - American civil rights movement: James Meredith becomes the first black person to graduate from the University of Mississippi.
* 1965 - Vietnam War: Operation Starlite begins - United States Marines destroy a Viet Cong stronghold on the Van Tuong peninsula in the first major American ground battle of the war.
* 1966 - Vietnam War: The Battle of Long Tan occurs, when a patrol of Royal Australian Regiment encounter the Viet Cong.
* 1969 - Jimi Hendrix plays the unofficial last day of Woodstock.
* 1971 - Vietnam War: Australia and New Zealand decide to withdraw their troops from Vietnam.
* 1982 - Japanese election law is amended to allow for proportional representation.
* 1992 - NBA basketball player Larry Bird announces his retirement after winning an Olympic gold medal as a member of the U.S. Dream Team.
* 2004 - In Dublin, Ireland the Dublin Port Tunnel excavation works are completed.
* 2005 - Massive power blackout hits the Indonesian island of Java, affecting almost 100 million people.
1685 - Brook Taylor, English mathematician
1692 - Louis Henri, Duc de Bourbon, Prime Minister of France
1830 - Emperor Franz Josef I of Austria
1930 - Liviu Librescu, Israeli professor, killed in the Virginia Tech massacre
1933 - Roman Polanski, French-born director and actor
1936 - Robert Redford, American actor
1952 - Patrick Swayze, American actor
1969 - Edward Norton, American actor
1969 - Christian Slater, American actor
* International Lighthouse Day
* Australia - Long Tan Day (also called Vietnam Veterans' Day) named after the Battle of Long Tan
* Roman Catholic Saints - Saint Helena of Constantinople, and Saint Alberto Hurtado
* Buhe in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church
difference between boys and girls
How a BOY withdraws cash from a bancomat:1. Park the car
2. Go to ATM Machine
3. Insert card
4. Enter PIN
5. Take money out
6. Take ATM Card out
7. Drive away
How a GIRL withdraws cash from a bancomat:
1. Park the car
2. Check makeup
3. Turn off engine
4. Check makeup
5. Go to ATM
6. Hunt for ATM card in the purse
7. Insert card
8. Hit Cancel
9. Hunt in purse for chit with PIN written on it
10. Insert card
11. Enter PIN
12. Take cash
13. Go to car
14. Check makeup
15. Start car
16. Stop car
17. Run back to ATM
18. Take ATM card
19. Back to car
20. Check makeup
21. Start car
22. Check makeup
23. Drive for 1/2 mile
24. Release handbrake
25. Drive on.
world records
♠ The heaviest apple weighed 1.849 kg (4 lb 1 oz) and was grown and picked by Chisato Iwasaki at his apple farm in Hirosaki City, Japan October 24, 2005.♠ The world's heaviest lemon weighed 5.265 kg (11 lb 9.7 oz) on January 8, 2003 and was grown by Aharon Shemoel (Israel) on his farm in Kefar Zeitim, Israel.
weired facts
• Clothes that are dried outside DO smell better because of a process called photolysis. What happens is this: sunlight breaks down compounds in the laundry that cause odor, such as perspiration and body oils.
• Clouds fly higher during the day than the night.
• Dirty snow melts faster than clean.
• Some early TV screens did emit excessive X-rays, as did computer monitors, but that was fixed long ago. Doctors suggest that at worst, sitting too close might cause some temporary eye fatigue—the same for reading with insufficient light—but no permanent damage, no matter what your mother claimed.
• A "fulgerite" is fossilized lightning. It forms when a powerful lightning bolt melts the soil into a glass-like state.
• STASI, the East German secret police organization, devised a devilishly clever way to prevent someone from giving them the slip during the Cold War: they managed to synthesize the scent of a female dog in heat, which they applied to the shoes of the person under surveillance. Then they simply had a male dog follow the scent.
