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Events
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* 490 BC - the Battle of Marathon, in which Athens defeated an invading army of Persians, may have been fought on this date in the proleptic Julian calendar
* 30 BC - Cleopatra commits suicide after her defeat and Mark Antony's defeat at the battle of Actium.
* 1099 - First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon - Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid forces under Al-Afdal Shahanshah. Considered the last engagement of the First Crusade.
* 1121 - Battle of Didgori: The Georgian army under King David the Builder won a decisive victory over the famous Seljuk commander Ilghazi.
* 1164 - Battle of Harim: Nur ad-Din defeats the Crusader armies of the County of Tripoli and the Principality of Antioch.
* 1281 - The fleet of Qubilai Khan is destroyed by a typhoon while approaching Japan.
* 1323 - Treaty of Nöteborg - Sweden and Novgorod (Russia) regulates the border for the first time.
* 1332 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Battle of Dupplin Moor - Scots under Domhnall II, Earl of Mar routed by Edward Balliol.
* 1480 - Battle of Otranto - Ottoman troops behead 800 Christians for refusing to convert to Islam.
* 1499 - First act of the Battle of Zonchio between Venetian and Ottoman fleets.
* 1687 - Charles of Lorraine defeats the Ottomans at the Battle of Mohács.
* 1793 - The Rhône department was created when the former département of Rhône-et-Loire was split into two departments: Rhône and Loire (Lêre).
* 1806 - Santiago de Liniers re-takes the city of Buenos Aires after the first English invasion.
* 1833 - Chicago was founded.
* 1851 - Isaac Singer granted a patent for his sewing machine.
* 1877 - Asaph Hall discovers Deimos.
* 1898 - Armistice ends the Spanish-American War.
* 1914 - World War I - Britain declares war on Austria-Hungary; British Empire countries automatically included.
* 1944 - Alençon liberated by General Leclerc, the first city in France to be liberated from the Nazis by the Allied forces.
* 1952 - The Night of the Murdered Poets - Thirteen most prominent Jewish intellectuals were murdered in Moscow.
* 1953 - Nuclear testing: The Soviet atomic bomb project proceeded with the detonation of Joe 4, the first Soviet thermonuclear weapon.
* 1960 - Echo I, the first communications satellite, launched
* 1964 - South Africa is banned from the Olympic Games due to its racist policy.
* 1972 - The last American combat ground troops leave Vietnam.
* 1977 - The first free flight of the Space Shuttle Enterprise.
* 1978 - Japan and the People's Republic of China sign the Treaty of Peace and Friendship between Japan and the People's Republic of China.
* 1981 - Release of the IBM PC or Personal Computer
* 1990 - Sue, the most complete skeleton of a Tyrannosaurus rex, is discovered near Faith, South Dakota.
* 1992 - Canada, Mexico, and the United States announce completion of negotiations for the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
* 1998 - Swiss banks agree to pay $1.25 billion as restitution to Holocaust survivors to settle claims for their assets.
* 2005 - Sri Lanka's foreign minister, Lakshman Kadirgamar, is fatally shot by a sniper at his home.
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Borned this day
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1503 - Christian III of Denmark and Norway
1604 - Tokugawa Iemitsu, Japanese shogun
1629 - Tsar Alexei I of Russia
1762 - King George IV of the United Kingdom
1887 - Erwin Schrödinger, Austrian physicist, Nobel Prize Laureate
1963 - Sir Mix A Lot, American musician and composer
1971 - Pete Sampras, American tennis player
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Holidays
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United Nations - International Youth Day (since 1999)
Brazil - Father's Day (August second sunday)
Thailand - The Queen's Birthday, Mother's Day
Zimbabwe - Defence Force Day
