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Events
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* 1014 - Byzantine-Bulgarian Wars: Battle of Kleidion: Byzantine emperor Basil II inflicts a decisive defeat on the Bulgarian army, but his subsequent savage treatment of 15,000 prisoners reportedly causes Tsar Samuil of Bulgaria to die of shock.
* 1030 - Ladejarl-Fairhair succession wars: Battle of Stiklestad - King Olaf II fights and dies trying to regain his Norwegian throne from the Danes.
* 1565 - Mary Queen of Scots, widowed, marries Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, Duke of Albany at Holyrood Palace in Edinburgh, Scotland.
* 1567 - James VI is crowned King of Scotland at Stirling.
* 1588 - Anglo-Spanish War: Battle of Gravelines - English naval forces under command of Lord Charles Howard and Sir Francis Drake defeats the Spanish Armada off the coast of Gravelines, France.
* 1693 - War of the Grand Alliance: Battle of Landen - France wins a Pyrrhic victory over Allied forces in the Netherlands.
* 1830 - Abdication of Charles X of France.
* 1836 - Inauguration of the Arc de Triomphe in Paris.
* 1851 - Annibale de Gasparis discovers asteroid 15 Eunomia.
* 1858 - United States and Japan sign the Harris Treaty.
* 1899 - The First Hague Convention is signed.
* 1900 - In Italy, King Umberto I of Italy is assassinated by Italian-born anarchist Gaetano Bresci.
* 1907 - Sir Robert Baden-Powell sets up the Brownsea Island Scout camp in Poole Harbour on the south coast of England. The camp ran from August 1-9, 1907, and is regarded as the founding of the Scouting movement.
* 1921 - Adolf Hitler becomes leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party.
* 1947 - After being shut off on November 9, 1946 for a memory upgrade, ENIAC, the world's first all-electronic digital computer, is reactivated. It will remain in continuous operation until October 2, 1955.
* 1948 - Olympic Games: The Games of the XIV Olympiad - After a hiatus of 12 years caused by World War II, the first Summer Olympics to be held since the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin opened in London.
* 1957 - The International Atomic Energy Agency is established.
* 1958 - The U.S. Congress formally creates the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
* 1967 - Vietnam War: Off the coast of North Vietnam the USS Forrestal catches on fire in the worst U.S. naval disaster since World War II, killing 134.
* 1967 - At the fourth day of celebrating its 400th anniversary, the city of Caracas, Venezuela was shaken by an earthquake, leaving approximately 500 dead.
* 1981 - Lady Diana Spencer marries Charles, Prince of Wales.
* 1987 - British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and President of France François Mitterrand sign the agreement to build the tunnel under the English Channel (Eurotunnel).
* 2005 - Astronomers announce their discovery of Eris.
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Holidays
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* Faroe Islands - Ólavsøka: opening of the Løgting session.
* National Anthem Day in Romania.
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Important Birthdays
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1898 - Isidor Isaac Rabi, American physicist, Nobel Prize Laureate
1900 - Eyvind Johnson, Swedish writer, Nobel Prize Laureate
1905 - Dag Hammarskjöld, Swedish 2nd UN Secretary-General, Nobel Prize Laureate
1937 - Daniel McFadden, American economist, Nobel Prize Laureate
