today in history

========::Events::========

* 293 BC - The oldest known Roman temple to Venus (mythology) was founded, starting the institution of Vinalia Rustica.
* 1201 - The city of Riga is founded.
* 1541 - A Portuguese ship drifts ashore in the ancient Japanese province of Higo (modern day Kumamoto Prefecture).
* 1572 - Wedding in Paris of the Huguenot King Henry IV of Navarre with Marguerite de Valois, in a supposed attempt to reconcile Protestants and Catholics.
* 1587 - Virginia Dare, granddaughter of Gov. John White of the Colony of Roanoke, becomes the first English child born in the Americas.
* 1634 - Urbain Grandier, accused and convicted of sorcery, burned alive in Loudun, France.
* 1775 - The Spanish established a presidio (fort) and the town came to be called Tucson, Arizona.
* 1848 - Camila O'Gorman and Ladislao Gutierrez executed on orders by Argentine dictator Juan Manuel de Rosas.
* 1864 - American Civil War: Battle of Globe Tavern - Union forces try to cut a vital Confederate supply-line into Petersburg, Virginia, by attacking the Weldon Railroad.
* 1868 - French astronomer Pierre Jules César Janssen discovers helium.
* 1870 - Franco-Prussian War: Battle of Gravelotte is fought.
* 1877 - Asaph Hall discovers Martian moon Phobos.
* 1903 - German engineer Karl Jatho allegedly flies his self-made, motored gliding airplane four months before the first flight of the Wright Brothers.
* 1909 - Tokyo mayor Yukio Ozaki presents Washington, D.C. with 2,000 cherry trees, which President Taft decides to plant near the Potomac River.
* 1917 - A Great Fire in Thessaloniki, Greece destroys 32% of the city leaving 70,000 individuals homeless.
* 1938 - The Thousand Islands Bridge, connecting New York State, United States with Ontario, Canada over the St. Lawrence River, is dedicated by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
* 1941 - Adolf Hitler orders a temporary halt to Nazi Germany's systematic euthanasia of mentally ill and handicapped due to protests.
* 1946 - Around 70 people died in the Vergarolla explosion.
* 1963 - American civil rights movement: James Meredith becomes the first black person to graduate from the University of Mississippi.
* 1965 - Vietnam War: Operation Starlite begins - United States Marines destroy a Viet Cong stronghold on the Van Tuong peninsula in the first major American ground battle of the war.
* 1966 - Vietnam War: The Battle of Long Tan occurs, when a patrol of Royal Australian Regiment encounter the Viet Cong.
* 1969 - Jimi Hendrix plays the unofficial last day of Woodstock.
* 1971 - Vietnam War: Australia and New Zealand decide to withdraw their troops from Vietnam.
* 1982 - Japanese election law is amended to allow for proportional representation.
* 1992 - NBA basketball player Larry Bird announces his retirement after winning an Olympic gold medal as a member of the U.S. Dream Team.
* 2004 - In Dublin, Ireland the Dublin Port Tunnel excavation works are completed.
* 2005 - Massive power blackout hits the Indonesian island of Java, affecting almost 100 million people.

========::Borned this day::========

1685 - Brook Taylor, English mathematician
1692 - Louis Henri, Duc de Bourbon, Prime Minister of France
1830 - Emperor Franz Josef I of Austria
1930 - Liviu Librescu, Israeli professor, killed in the Virginia Tech massacre
1933 - Roman Polanski, French-born director and actor
1936 - Robert Redford, American actor
1952 - Patrick Swayze, American actor
1969 - Edward Norton, American actor
1969 - Christian Slater, American actor

========::Holidays::========

* International Lighthouse Day
* Australia - Long Tan Day (also called Vietnam Veterans' Day) named after the Battle of Long Tan
* Roman Catholic Saints - Saint Helena of Constantinople, and Saint Alberto Hurtado
* Buhe in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church

today in history

========::Events::========

* 1717 - George Boone, the grandfather of pioneer Daniel Boone sails to America from Bradninch, England
* 1807 - Robert Fulton's first American steamboat leaves New York City for Albany, New York on the Hudson River, inaugurating the first commercial steamboat service in the world.
* 1862 - Indian Wars: The Lakota (Sioux) Dakota War of 1862 begins in Minnesota as desperate Lakota attack white settlements along the Minnesota River.
* 1863 - American Civil War: In Charleston, South Carolina, Union batteries and ships bombard Confederate-held Fort Sumter.
* 1864 - American Civil War: Battle of Gainesville - Confederate forces defeat Union troops near Gainesville, Florida.
* 1883 - The first public performance of the Dominican Republic's national anthem, Quisqueyanos valientes.
* 1907 - Pike Place Market, the longest continuously-running public farmers market in the US, opened in Seattle.
* 1914 - World War I: Battle of Stalluponen - The German army of General Hermann von François defeats the Russian force commanded by Pavel Rennenkampf near modern-day Nesterov, Russia.
* 1918 - Bolshevik revolutionary leader Moisei Uritsky is assassinated.
* 1942 - U.S. Marines raid the Japanese-held Pacific island of Makin (Butaritari).
* 1943 - World War II: The U.S. Eighth Air Force suffers the loss of 60 bombers on the Schweinfurt-Regensburg mission.
* 1943 - World War II: The U.S. Seventh Army under General George S. Patton arrive in Messina, Italy, followed several hours later by the British 8th Army under Field Marshal Bernard L. Montgomery, thus completing the Allied conquest of Sicily.
* 1943 - World War II: First Québec Conference of Winston Churchill, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and William Lyon Mackenzie King begins.
* 1945 - Indonesian Declaration of Independence.
* 1959 - Quake Lake: Quake Lake was formed by a 7.5 rated earthquake in Montana.
* 1960 - Gabon gains independence from France.
* 1962 - East German border guards kill 18-year-old Peter Fechter as he attempts to cross the Berlin Wall into West Berlin becoming the first victim of the wall.
* 1970 - Venera Program: Venera 7 launched. It will later become the first spacecraft to successfully transmit data from the surface of another planet (Venus).
* 1978 - Double Eagle II becomes first balloon to cross the Atlantic Ocean when it lands in Miserey near Paris, 137 hours after leaving Presque Isle, Maine.
* 1998 - Monica Lewinsky scandal: US President Bill Clinton admits in taped testimony that he had an "improper physical relationship" with White House intern Monica Lewinsky. On the same day he admits before the nation that he "misled people" about his relationship.
* 1999 - A 7.4-magnitude earthquake strikes İzmit, Turkey, killing more than 17,000 and injuring 44,000.
* 2004 - The National Assembly of Serbia unanimously adopts new state symbols for Serbia: Boze Pravde becomes the new anthem and the coat of arms is adopted for the whole country.

========::Birthdays::========

1601 - Pierre de Fermat, French mathematician
1893 - Mae West, American actress
1932 - V. S. Naipaul, West Indian writer, Nobel Laureate
1943 - Robert De Niro, American actor
1960 - Sean Penn, American actor and director

========::Holidays::========

* Independence Day – observance in Indonesia.
* Rastafari movement - celebration of the birth of Marcus Garvey, considered a prophet.
* Día del Libertador - observed in Argentina, on the day when José de San Martín died.
* Slovenia: Slovenians in Prekmurje Incorporated into the Mother Nation Day

it happend today

=======::Events::=======

* 1777 - American Revolutionary War: Battle of Bennington - British forces are defeated by American troops.
* 1780 - American Revolutionary War: Battle of Camden - The British defeat the Americans near Camden, South Carolina.
* 1792 - Maximilien Robespierre presents the petition of the Commune of Paris to the Legislative Assembly, which demanded the formation of a revolutionary tribunal.
* 1812 - War of 1812: American General William Hull surrenders Fort Detroit without a fight to the British Army.
* 1819 - Eleven people die and 400 are injured by cavalry charges at the Peterloo Massacre at a public meeting at St. Peter's Field, Manchester, England.
* 1858 - U.S. President James Buchanan inaugurates the new transatlantic telegraph cable by exchanging greetings with Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. However, a weak signal will force a shutdown of the service in a few weeks.
* 1865 - Restoration Day in the Dominican Republic: The Dominican Republic regains its independence after 4 years of fighting against the Spanish Annexation.
* 1868 - Arica, Peru (now Chile) is devastated by a tsunami which followed a magnitude 8.5 earthquake in the Peru-Chile Trench off the coast. The earthquake and tsunami killed an estimated 25,000 people in Arica and perhaps 70,000 people in all.
* 1869 - Battle of Acosta Ñu: A Paraguay battalion made up of children is massacred by the Brazilian Army during the War of the Triple Alliance.
* 1870 - Franco-Prussian War: The Battle of Mars-La-Tour is fought, resulting in a Prussian victory.
* 1896 - Skookum Jim Mason, George Carmack and Dawson Charlie discover gold in a tributary of the Klondike River in Canada, setting off the Klondike Gold Rush.
* 1913 - Tōhoku Imperial University of Japan (modern day Tōhoku University) admits its first female students.
* 1914 - World War I: Battle of Cer begins.
* 1915 - World War I: Should victory be achieved over the Central Powers, the Triple Entente promises the Kingdom of Serbia: the Austro-Hungarian territories of Baranja, Srem, Slavonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina; and the eastern ⅔ of Dalmatia (from the river of Krka to the city of Bar).
* 1920 - The congress of the Communist Party of Bukhara opens. The congress would call for armed revolution.
* 1930 - The first color sound cartoon, called Fiddlesticks, is made by Ub Iwerks.
* 1940 - World War II: The Communist Party is banned in German-occupied Norway.
* 1942 - World War II: The two-person crew of the U.S. naval blimp L-8 disappears without a trace on a routine anti-submarine patrol over the Pacific Ocean. The blimp drifts without her crew and crash-lands in Daly City, California.
* 1945 - An assassination attempt was made on Japan's prime minister, Kantaro Suzuki.
* 1946 - The Japan Business Federation, or Keidanren, is established, and Ichirō Ishikawa is appointed its representative.
* 1960 - Cyprus gains its independence from the United Kingdom.
* 1960 - Joseph Kittinger parachutes from a balloon over New Mexico at 102,800 feet (31,330 m), setting three records that still stand today: High-altitude jump, free-fall, and fastest speed by a human without an aircraft.
* 1987 - A McDonnell Douglas MD-82 carrying Northwest Airlines Flight 255 crashes on take-off from Detroit Metropolitan Airport in Romulus, Michigan (Detroit), killing 155 passengers and crew. The sole survivor is four-year-old Cecelia Cichan.
* 1992 - In response to an appeal by President Fernando Collor de Mello to wear green and yellow as a way to show support for him, thousands of Brazilians take to the streets dressed in black.
* 1993 - The Debian distribution was first announced by Ian Murdock, then a student at Purdue University. Murdock initially called his system the "Debian Linux Release"

=======::Borned today::=======

1650 - Vincenzo Coronelli, Italian cartographer and encylopedist
1845 - Gabriel Lippmann, French physicist, Nobel laureate
1904 - Wendell Meredith Stanley, American chemist, Nobel laureate
1913 - Menachem Begin, 6th Prime Minister of Israel, Nobel laureate
1958 - Madonna, American singer and actress
1962 - Steve Carell, American actor and comedian

=======::Holidays::=======

* Palio dell'Assunta in Siena (on the day after the Assumption of Mary)
* Roman Empire - Portunalia in honor of Portunes.

history for today's history

========::Events::========

* 778 - The Battle of Roncevaux Pass, in which Roland is killed.
* 927 - The Saracens are conquered and destroyed Taranto.
* 1040 - King Duncan I is killed in battle against his first cousin and rival Macbeth. The latter succeeds him as Scottish Monarch.
* 1057 - King Mac Bethad is killed in the Battle of Lumphanan by the forces of Máel Coluim mac Donnchada.
* 1185 - The cave city of Vardzia is consecrated by Queen Tamar of Georgia.
* 1248 - The foundation stone of the Cologne Cathedral, built to house the relics of the Three Wise Men, was laid. Construction eventually completed in 1880.
* 1261 - Michael VIII Palaeologus is crowned Byzantine emperor in Constantinople.
* 1309 - The city of Rhodes surrenders to the forces of the Knights of St. John, completing their conquest of Rhodes. The knights establish their headquarters on the island, and rename themselves as the Knights of Rhodes.
* 1461 - The Empire of Trebizond surrenders to the forces of Sultan Mehmet II. This is the real end of the Byzantine Empire. Emperor David is exiled and later murdered.
* 1517 - Seven Portuguese armed vessels led by Fernão Pires de Andrade meet Chinese officials at the Pearl River estuary.
* 1519 - Panama City, Panama, is founded.
* 1534 - Saint Ignatius of Loyola and six classmates took initial vows that would lead to the creation of the Society of Jesus in September of 1540.
* 1537 - Asunción, Paraguay, is founded.
* 1540 - Arequipa, Peru, is founded.
* 1549 - Jesuit priest Saint Francis Xavier comes ashore at Kagoshima (Traditional Japanese date: July 22, 1549).
* 1599 - Nine Years War: Battle of Curlew Pass - Irish forces led by Hugh Roe O'Donnell successfully ambush English forces, led by Sir Conyers Clifford, were sent to relieve Collooney Castle.
* 1636 - The Covenant of the Town of Dedham, Massachusetts was first signed.
* 1760 - Seven Years' War: Battle of Liegnitz - Frederick the Great's victory over the Austrians under Ernst von Laudon.
* 1824 - Freed American slaves form Liberia.
* 1843 - The Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace in Honolulu, Hawaii is dedicated. Now the cathedral of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu, it is the oldest Roman Catholic cathedral in continuous use in the United States.
* 1843 - Tivoli Gardens, one of the oldest still intact amusement parks in the world, opens in Copenhagen, Denmark.
* 1863 - The Anglo-Satsuma War begins between the Satsuma Domain of Japan and the United Kingdom (Traditional Japanese date: July 2, 1863).
* 1915 - The Panama Canal opens to traffic with the transit of the cargo ship Ancon.
* 1920 - Polish-Soviet War: Battle of Warsaw - Poles defeat the Red Army.
* 1942 - World War II: Operation Pedestal - The SS Ohio reaches the island of Malta barely afloat carrying vital fuel supplies for the island defenses.
* 1944 - World War II: Operation Dragoon - Allied forces land in southern France.
* 1945 - World War II: Victory over Japan Day - Japan surrenders.
* 1945 - World War II: Korean Liberation Day.
* 1947 - India gains independence from the United Kingdom and becomes an independent nation within the Commonwealth , Jawaharlal Nehru addresses the nation with the Indian Declaration of Independence and takes office as the first Prime Minister of India.
* 1947 - Founder of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah is sworn in as first Governor General of Pakistan at Karachi.
* 1948 - The Republic of Korea is established south of the 38th parallel north.
* 1960 - Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville) declares its independence from France.
* 1961 - Keiyo Road is specified to be the first driveway in Japan.
* 1969 - The Woodstock Music and Art Festival opens.
* 1971 - Bahrain Independence Day.
* 1973 - Vietnam War: The United States bombing of Cambodia ends.
* 1974 - Seoul Subway Line 1 opened, between Seoul Station and Cheongnyangni Station
* 1974 - Turkish invasion of Cyprus continues, and the 37% of the island is now under Turkish control.
* 1977 - The Big Ear, a radio telescope operated by The Ohio State University as part of the SETI project, receives a radio signal from deep space; the event is named the "Wow! signal" for notation made by a volunteer on the project.
* 1993 - Junko Asari wins the women's marathon in the World Athletics Championships in Stuttgart, Japan's first major women's athletics victory.
* 1995 - In South Carolina, Shannon Faulkner becomes the first female cadet matriculated at The Citadel, but drops out in less than a week.
* 1998 - Omagh bomb in Northern Ireland, becoming the worst terrorist incident of The Troubles
* 1999 - Beni Ounif massacre in Algeria; some 29 people killed at a false roadblock near the Moroccan border, leading to temporary tensions with Morocco.

===========::Birthdays::===========

1195 - Anthony of Padua, Portuguese saint
1769 - Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of the French
1771 - Sir Walter Scott, Scottish novelist and poet (d. 1832)
1785 - Thomas De Quincey, English author
1863 - Alexei Krylov, Russian engineer and mathematician
1892 - Louis, 7th duc de Broglie, French physicist, Nobel Prize Laureate
1893 - Leslie Comrie, New Zealand astronomer and computing pioneer
1896 - Gerty Cori, Austrian-born biochemist, Nobel Prize Laureate
1972 - Ben Affleck, American actor

===========::Holidays::===========

Romania - Adormirea Maicii Domnului
India – Independence Day (from the United Kingdom, 1947).
Acadie – National Day.
Austria - Maria Himmelfahrt day.
Bangladesh – National Mourning Day
Belgium, Assumption (of Blessed Virgin Mary) day.
Egypt – Flooding of the Nile Day.
France, Assumption Day.
Greece, Dormition ('Falling Asleep' of Virgin Mary.)
Hawaii – Toro Nagashi (Floating Lanterns Ceremony) to commemorate the end of the second world war.
Hindu – Krishna Janmaashtami, also on August 16.
Italy – " Assumption Day. And Ferragosto", remembrance of an ancient Roman holiday in honor of Augustus (Feriae Augusti).
Japan – Day of End of the War / The day which mourns for war dead, and prays for peace "National War-Dead Memorial Ceremony" is performed on that day every year after 1963.
Japan – Dutch Tray
Korea – Gwangbokjeol(Liberation Day).
Ancient Latvia – Māras.
Liechtenstein – Liechtenstein Day.
Poland – Polish Armed Forces Day.
Tuva – Tuva Republic Day, Naadym.
Portugal– Our Lady of Angels Feast, Azores.
Spain- Assumption Day.
Costa Rica– Mother's Day.

today's history

======Events======

* 1183 - Taira no Munemori and the Taira clan take the young Emperor Antoku and the three sacred treasures and flee to western Japan to escape pursuit by the Minamoto clan. (Traditional Japanese date: Twenty-fifth Day of the Seventh Month of the Second Year of Juei).
* 1385 - Portuguese Crisis of 1383–1385: Battle of Aljubarrota - Portuguese forces commanded by King João I and his general Nuno Álvares Pereira defeat the Castilian army of King Juan I.
* 1598 - Nine Years War: Battle of the Yellow Ford - Irish forces under Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, defeat an English expeditionary force under Henry Bagenal.
* 1791 - Ceremony at Bois Caiman, Haiti; Haitian Revolution begins.
* 1842 - Indian Wars: Second Seminole War ends, with the Seminoles forced from Florida to Oklahoma.
* 1846 - The Cape Girardeau meteorite, a 2.3 kg chondrite-type meteorite strikes near the town of Cape Girardeau in Cape Girardeau County, Missouri..
* 1880 - Cologne Cathedral, the most famous landmark in Cologne, Germany, completed.
* 1885 - Japan's first patent is issued to the inventor of a rust-proof paint.
* 1893 - France introduces motor vehicle registration.
* 1897 - The town of Anosimena is captured by French troops from Menabe defenders in Madagascar.
* 1901 - The first claimed powered flight, by Gustave Whitehead in his Number 21.
* 1908 - First beauty contest held in Folkestone, England.
* 1912 - United States Marines invade Nicaragua to support the U.S.-backed government installed there after José Santos Zelaya resigned three years earlier.
* 1921 - Tannu Tuva, later Tuvinian People's Republic is established as a completely independent country (which is supported by Russia).
* 1936 - Rainey Bethea is hanged in Owensboro, Kentucky in the last public execution in the United States. * 1941 - World War II - Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt sign the Atlantic Charter of war stating postwar aims.
* 1945 - Japan accepts the Allied terms of surrender in World War II and the Emperor records the Imperial Rescript on Surrender (August 15 in Japan standard time).
* 1947 - Pakistan gains Independence from the British Indian Empire under the administration of United Kingdom and joins the British Commonwealth.
* 1969 - United Kingdom troops deploy in Northern Ireland.
* 1980 - Lech Wałęsa leads strikes at Gdańsk, Poland shipyards.
* 1994 - Ilich Ramírez Sánchez, the terrorist known as "Carlos the Jackal", is captured.
* 2003 - Widescale power blackout in the northeast United States and Canada.

============Birthdays============

1740 - Pope Pius VII
1867 - John Galsworthy, Nobel Prize Laureate
1933 - Richard R. Ernst, Swiss chemist and Nobel Prize Laureate
1945 - Steve Martin, American comedian
1959 - Magic Johnson, American basketball player
1960 - Sarah Brightman, English soprano
1966 - Halle Berry, American actress

============ Holidays============

* Morocco - Allegiance of Oued Eddahab or Río de Oro.
* Pakistan - Independence Day (From the Indian Empire and from the British colonialist and imperialists under the foreign control of the United Kingdom, 1947).
* Paraguay - Flag Day.
* United States - National Creamsicles Day.

today's history in history

=============Events==============

* 3114 BC - According to the Lounsbury correlation, the Maya calendar starts.
* 523 - John succeeds Hormisdas as Pope.
* 1099 - Paschal II elected Pope.
* 1315 - Louis X of France marries Clemence d'Anjou.
* 1326 - Aradia de Toscano, according to legend/folklore, is initiated into a Dianic witchcraft cult, subsequently founds the tradition of Stregheria later known as the Malandanti.
* 1415 - Hundred Years' War: Henry V of England lands at Chef-en-Caux, France with 8000 men.
* 1516 - Treaty of Noyon between France and Spain signed. In it, Francis recognises Charles's claim to Naples, and Charles recognises Francis's claim to Milan.
* 1521 - Tenochtitlán (present day Mexico City) falls to conquistador Hernán Cortés.
* 1536 - Buddhist monks from Kyōto's Enryaku Temple set fire to 21 Nichiren temples throughout Kyoto in the Tenbun Hokke Disturbance. (Traditional Japanese date: July 27, 1536).
* 1553 - Michael Servetus arrested by John Calvin in Geneva as a heretic.
* 1704 - War of the Spanish Succession: Battle of Blenheim - English and Austrians victorious over French and Bavarians.
* 1814 - The Convention of London, a treaty between the United Kingdom and the United Provinces, is signed in London.
* 1905 - Norway holds referendum in favour of dissolving the union with Sweden.
* 1913 - Otto Witte, an acrobat, is crowned King of Albania.
* 1913 - Invention of stainless steel by Harry Brearley.
* 1918 - Women enlist in the United States Marine Corps for the first time. Opha Mae Johnson is the first woman to enlist.
* 1920 - Polish-Soviet War: Battle of Warsaw begins, lasts till August 25. The Red Army is defeated.
* 1923 - First major sea-going ship arrives at Gdynia, newly constructed Polish seaport.
* 1937 - Battle of Shanghai begins.
* 1940 - World War II: Battle of Britain begins - The Luftwaffe launches a series of attacks on British fighter bases and radar installations..
* 1960 - The Central African Republic declares independence from France.
* 1961 - The German Democratic Republic closes the border between the eastern and western sectors of Berlin, to thwart its inhabitants' attempts to escape to the West.
* 1968 - Alexandros Panagoulis attempts to assassinate the Greek dictator Colonel G. Papadopoulos in Varkiza, Athens.
* 1973 - Zulfikar Ali Bhutto elected Prime Minister of Pakistan.
* 1987 - U.S. President Ronald Reagan assumes responsibility for his role in the Iran-Contra scandal.
* 2004 - The Opening Ceremony of the 2004 Olympic Games takes place in Athens.

===========Birthdays=============

1311 - King Alfonso XI of Castile and Leon
1313 - Aradia de Toscano, Italian insurrectionist, teacher, and witch
1872 - Richard Willstätter, German chemist, Nobel Prize Laureate
1899 - Alfred Hitchcock, English film director
1912 - Salvador Luria, Italian-born biologist, Nobel Prize Laureate
1918 - Frederick Sanger, English chemist, Nobel Prize Laureate
1926 - Fidel Castro, Cuban revolutionary and politician
1970 - Alan Shearer, English footballer

============Holidays=============

Roman festivals - Vertumnalia in honor of Vertumnus and Diana, on the Aventine hill.
International Lefthanders Day.
Laos - Lao Issara, Day of the Free Laos.
In Brazil, Friday 13 August (agosto) is considered to be especially filled with sorrow

this day in history...

=================
Events
=================



* 490 BC - the Battle of Marathon, in which Athens defeated an invading army of Persians, may have been fought on this date in the proleptic Julian calendar
* 30 BC - Cleopatra commits suicide after her defeat and Mark Antony's defeat at the battle of Actium.
* 1099 - First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon - Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid forces under Al-Afdal Shahanshah. Considered the last engagement of the First Crusade.
* 1121 - Battle of Didgori: The Georgian army under King David the Builder won a decisive victory over the famous Seljuk commander Ilghazi.
* 1164 - Battle of Harim: Nur ad-Din defeats the Crusader armies of the County of Tripoli and the Principality of Antioch.
* 1281 - The fleet of Qubilai Khan is destroyed by a typhoon while approaching Japan.
* 1323 - Treaty of Nöteborg - Sweden and Novgorod (Russia) regulates the border for the first time.
* 1332 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Battle of Dupplin Moor - Scots under Domhnall II, Earl of Mar routed by Edward Balliol.
* 1480 - Battle of Otranto - Ottoman troops behead 800 Christians for refusing to convert to Islam.
* 1499 - First act of the Battle of Zonchio between Venetian and Ottoman fleets.
* 1687 - Charles of Lorraine defeats the Ottomans at the Battle of Mohács.
* 1793 - The Rhône department was created when the former département of Rhône-et-Loire was split into two departments: Rhône and Loire (Lêre).
* 1806 - Santiago de Liniers re-takes the city of Buenos Aires after the first English invasion.
* 1833 - Chicago was founded.
* 1851 - Isaac Singer granted a patent for his sewing machine.
* 1877 - Asaph Hall discovers Deimos.
* 1898 - Armistice ends the Spanish-American War.
* 1914 - World War I - Britain declares war on Austria-Hungary; British Empire countries automatically included.
* 1944 - Alençon liberated by General Leclerc, the first city in France to be liberated from the Nazis by the Allied forces.
* 1952 - The Night of the Murdered Poets - Thirteen most prominent Jewish intellectuals were murdered in Moscow.
* 1953 - Nuclear testing: The Soviet atomic bomb project proceeded with the detonation of Joe 4, the first Soviet thermonuclear weapon.
* 1960 - Echo I, the first communications satellite, launched
* 1964 - South Africa is banned from the Olympic Games due to its racist policy.
* 1972 - The last American combat ground troops leave Vietnam.
* 1977 - The first free flight of the Space Shuttle Enterprise.
* 1978 - Japan and the People's Republic of China sign the Treaty of Peace and Friendship between Japan and the People's Republic of China.
* 1981 - Release of the IBM PC or Personal Computer
* 1990 - Sue, the most complete skeleton of a Tyrannosaurus rex, is discovered near Faith, South Dakota.
* 1992 - Canada, Mexico, and the United States announce completion of negotiations for the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
* 1998 - Swiss banks agree to pay $1.25 billion as restitution to Holocaust survivors to settle claims for their assets.
* 2005 - Sri Lanka's foreign minister, Lakshman Kadirgamar, is fatally shot by a sniper at his home.

=================
Borned this day
=================

1503 - Christian III of Denmark and Norway
1604 - Tokugawa Iemitsu, Japanese shogun
1629 - Tsar Alexei I of Russia
1762 - King George IV of the United Kingdom
1887 - Erwin Schrödinger, Austrian physicist, Nobel Prize Laureate
1963 - Sir Mix A Lot, American musician and composer
1971 - Pete Sampras, American tennis player

=================
Holidays
=================

United Nations - International Youth Day (since 1999)
Brazil - Father's Day (August second sunday)
Thailand - The Queen's Birthday, Mother's Day
Zimbabwe - Defence Force Day

it happend on this day

================
Events
================

* 612 BC - Killing of Sinsharishkun, King of Assyrian Empire. Destruction of Nineveh.
* 610 - In Islam, the traditional date of the Laylat al-Qadr, when Muhammed began to receive the Qur'an.
* 955 - Battle of Lechfeld: Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor defeats Magyars, ending 50 years of Magyar invasion of the West.
* 991 - Battle of Maldon: English, led by Bryhtnoth, confront a band of inland-raiding Vikings near Maldon in Essex. The English are defeated and the story is immortalized in a well-known poem.
* 1316 - Second Battle of Athenry
* 1519 - Ferdinand Magellan's five ships set sail from Seville to circumnavigate the globe.
* 1557 - Battle of St. Quentin Spanish victory over the French in the Habsburg-Valois Wars
* 1628 - The Swedish warship Vasa sinks in the Stockholm harbour after only about 20 minutes on her maiden voyage.
* 1675 - The foundation stone of the Royal Greenwich Observatory in London was laid.
* 1680 - Pueblo Revolt begins in New Mexico.
* 1776 - American Revolutionary War: Word of the United States Declaration of Independence reaches London.
* 1792 - French Revolution: Storming of the Tuileries Palace. Louis XVI of France is arrested and taken into custody.
* 1809 - Quito, now the capital of Ecuador, declares independence from Spain.
* 1861 - American Civil War: Battle of Wilson's Creek - The war enters Missouri when a band of raw Confederate troops defeat Union forces in the southwestern part of the state.
* 1893 - At Augsburg, Rudolf Diesel's prime model runs on its own power for the first time. Because of this, August 10 is the International Biodiesel Day.
* 1904- The Battle of the Yellow Sea between the Russian and Japanese battleship fleets.
* 1905 - Russian and Japanese peace negotiations begin in Portsmouth.
* 1913 - Second Balkan War ends: Delegates from Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, Montenegro, and Greece sign the Treaty of Bucharest, ending the war.
* 1920 - World War I: Ottoman sultan Mehmed VI's representatives sign the Treaty of Sèvres which divides up the Ottoman Empire between the Allies.
* 1932 - A 5.1-kg (11.2-pound) chondrite-type meteorite breaks into at least seven pieces and lands near the town of Archie in Cass County, Missouri.
* 1944 - World War II: American forces defeat the last Japanese troops on Guam.
* 1990 - The Magellan space probe reaches Venus.
* 1998 - The Royal Proclamation of HRH Prince Al-Muhtadee Billah as the Crown Prince of Brunei.
* 2000 - World Population reaches 6 billion according to www.ibiblio.org world population tracker.
* 2001 - The Hudson River Way is opened to traffic.
* 2003 - The highest temperature ever is recorded in the UK, 38.5°C (101.3°F), occurs in Kent. It is the first time the UK has recorded a temperature over 100 degrees Fahrenheit.
* 2003 - Yuri Ivanovich Malenchenko becomes the first person to marry in space.
* 2005 - Lee Seung Seop dies from exhaustion in South Korea after playing the computer game StarCraft continuously for 49 hours. [hmmmmmm....vezi adi? vezi ??? si tu ticule, la fel...]

================
Birthdays
================

1267- King James II of Aragon
1296 - John I, Count of Luxemburg
1397 - Albert II of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor
1856 - William Willett, English inventor of Daylight Saving Time
1884 - Panait Istrati, Romanian writer
1913 - Wolfgang Paul, German physicist,Nobel laureate
1960 - Antonio Banderas, Spanish actor
1965 - John Starks, American basketball player

================
Holidays
================

Roman festivals - Opalia, festival in honor of Ops
Ancient Latvia - Labrenca Diena held
Independence Day in Ecuador

on this day...[31st July]

==================
Events
==================



* 431 - Election of Pope Sixtus III.
* 781 - The oldest recorded eruption of Mt. Fuji (Traditional Japanese date: July 6, 781).
* 904 - Thessalonica falls to the Arabs, who destroy the city.
* 1009 - Pietro Boccapecora becomes Pope Sergius IV.
* 1423 - Hundred Years' War: Battle of Cravant - The French army is defeated at Cravant on the banks of the river Yonne.
* 1498 - On his third voyage to the Western Hemisphere, Christopher Columbus becomes the first European to discover the island of Trinidad.
* 1655 - Russo-Polish War (1654-1667): Russian army enters the capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Vilnius, which it would hold for six years.
* 1658 - Aurangzeb is proclaimed Moghul emperor of India.
* 1667 - Second Anglo-Dutch War: Treaty of Breda ends the conflict.
* 1703 - Daniel Defoe is placed in a pillory for the crime of seditious libel after publishing a politically satirical pamphlet, but is pelted with flowers.
* 1741 - Charles Albert of Bavaria invades Upper Austria and Bohemia.
* 1790 - First U.S. patent issued; granted to inventor Samuel Hopkins for a potash process.
* 1856 - Christchurch, New Zealand chartered as a city.
* 1913 - The Balkan States sign an armistice at Bucarest.
* 1917 - The Third Battle of Ypres starts in Flanders.
* 1919 - German national assembly adopts the Weimar constitution (to enter into force August 14)
* 1936 - The International Olympic Committee announces that the 1940 Summer Olympics were to be held in Tokyo. However, the games were given back to the IOC after the Second Sino-Japanese War broke out, and were eventually cancelled altogether because of World War II.
* 1938 - Bulgaria signs a non-aggression pact with Greece and other states of Balkan Antanta (Turkey, Romania, Yugoslavia)
* 1940 - A doodlebug train in Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio collides with a multi-car freight train heading the opposite way, killing 43 people.
* 1941 - Holocaust: Under instructions from Adolf Hitler, Nazi official Hermann Göring, orders SS general Reinhard Heydrich to "submit to me as soon as possible a general plan of the administrative material and financial measures necessary for carrying out the desired final solution of the Jewish question."
* 1945 - John K. Giles attempts to escape from Alcatraz prison.
* 1951 - Japan Airlines is established.
* 1964 - Ranger program: Ranger 7 sends back the first close-up photographs of the moon, with images 1,000 times clearer than anything ever seen from earth-bound telescopes.
* 1971 - Apollo program: Apollo 15 astronauts become the first to ride in a lunar rover.
* 1975 - In Detroit, Michigan, Teamsters Union president Jimmy Hoffa is reported missing.
* 1976 - Viking program: Viking 1 - NASA releases the famous Face on Mars photo.
* 1987 - A rare, class F-4 tornado rips through Edmonton, Alberta, killing 27 people and causing $330 million in damage.
* 1999 - Discovery Program: Lunar Prospector - NASA intentionally crashes the spacecraft into the Moon, thus ending its mission to detect frozen water on the moon's surface.
* 2006 - Fidel Castro hands over power temporarily to brother Raúl Castro. This leads to a celebration in Little Havana [La Pequeña Habana in Spanish], Miami, Florida, where many Cuban-Americans participated.

==================
Holidays
==================

* Hari Pahlawan - Malaysian warrior's day.
* La Hae Hawai‘i - Hawaiian Flag Day.
* Republic of the Congo - Upswing of the Revolution.

==================
Borned today
==================

1143 - Emperor Nijo of Japan
1396 - Philip III, Duke of Burgundy
1527 - Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor
1803 - John Ericsson, Swedish inventor and engineer
1918 - Paul D. Boyer, American chemist, Nobel Prize Laureate
1965 - J. K. Rowling, British novelist (her most famous character, Harry Potter was also born this day, but in 1980)
1965 - Scott Brooks, former pro basketball player
1966 - Dean Cain, American actor

todays events

===================
Events
===================

1419 - First Defenestration of Prague.
1502 - Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islands off the coast of Honduras during his fourth voyage.
1608 - At Ticonderoga (now Crown Point, New York), Samuel de Champlain shoots and kills two Iroquois chiefs. This was to set the tone for French-Iroquois relations for the next one hundred years.
1629 - An earthquake in Naples, Italy kills 10,000 people.
1729 - Baltimore, Maryland is founded.
1756 - Bartolomeo Rastrelli presents the newly-built Catherine Palace to Empress Elizabeth and her courtiers.
1825 - Malden Island discovered.
1864 - American Civil War: Battle of the Crater - Union forces attempt to break Confederate lines by exploding a large bomb under their trenches.
1930 - In Montevideo, Uruguay win the first Football World Cup.
1932 - Olympic Games: The Games of the X Olympiad open in Los Angeles, California.
1932 - Walt Disney's Flowers and Trees, the first Academy Award winning cartoon and first cartoon short to use Technicolor, premieres.
1945 - World War II: Japanese submarine I-58 sinks the USS Indianapolis (CA-35), killing 883 seamen.
1954 - Elvis Presley makes his debut as a public performer.
1966 - At Wembley Stadium, host England wins the Football World Cup, After drawing 2-2 at the end of 90 minutes, England beat West Germany 4-2.
1970 - Powder Ridge Rock Festival.
1971 - Apollo program: Apollo 15 Mission - David Scott and James Irwin on Lunar module, Falcon, land with first Lunar Rover on the moon.
1975 - Jimmy Hoffa disappears from the parking lot of the Machus Red Fox restaurant in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit, at about 2:30 p.m. He is never seen or heard from again.
1980 - Vanuatu gains independence.
1990 - The first Saturn automobile rolls off the assembly line.
2003 - In Mexico, the last 'old style' Volkswagen Beetle rolls off the assembly line.
2006 - World's longest running music show Top of the Pops broadcast for the last time on BBC Two. The show had aired for 42 years.

===================
Holidays
===================

Vanuatu - Independence Day

=========================
Have their birthday today
=========================

1470 - Hongzhi, Emperor of China
1818 - Emily Brontë, English novelist
1855 - Georg Wilhelm von Siemens, German industrialist
1863 - Henry Ford, American industrialist
1904 - Tsarevich Alexei of Russia
1947 - Arnold Schwarzenegger, Austrian-born American actor, bodybuilder, and Governor of California
1948 - Jean Reno, Moroccan-born French actor
1961 - Laurence Fishburne, American actor
1963 - Lisa Kudrow, American actress
1963 - Chris Mullin, basketball player
1971 - Tom Green, Canadian comedian and actor
1974 - Hilary Swank, American actress

it happened...

===================
Events
===================


* 1014 - Byzantine-Bulgarian Wars: Battle of Kleidion: Byzantine emperor Basil II inflicts a decisive defeat on the Bulgarian army, but his subsequent savage treatment of 15,000 prisoners reportedly causes Tsar Samuil of Bulgaria to die of shock.
* 1030 - Ladejarl-Fairhair succession wars: Battle of Stiklestad - King Olaf II fights and dies trying to regain his Norwegian throne from the Danes.
* 1565 - Mary Queen of Scots, widowed, marries Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, Duke of Albany at Holyrood Palace in Edinburgh, Scotland.
* 1567 - James VI is crowned King of Scotland at Stirling.
* 1588 - Anglo-Spanish War: Battle of Gravelines - English naval forces under command of Lord Charles Howard and Sir Francis Drake defeats the Spanish Armada off the coast of Gravelines, France.
* 1693 - War of the Grand Alliance: Battle of Landen - France wins a Pyrrhic victory over Allied forces in the Netherlands.
* 1830 - Abdication of Charles X of France.
* 1836 - Inauguration of the Arc de Triomphe in Paris.
* 1851 - Annibale de Gasparis discovers asteroid 15 Eunomia.
* 1858 - United States and Japan sign the Harris Treaty.
* 1899 - The First Hague Convention is signed.
* 1900 - In Italy, King Umberto I of Italy is assassinated by Italian-born anarchist Gaetano Bresci.
* 1907 - Sir Robert Baden-Powell sets up the Brownsea Island Scout camp in Poole Harbour on the south coast of England. The camp ran from August 1-9, 1907, and is regarded as the founding of the Scouting movement.
* 1921 - Adolf Hitler becomes leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party.
* 1947 - After being shut off on November 9, 1946 for a memory upgrade, ENIAC, the world's first all-electronic digital computer, is reactivated. It will remain in continuous operation until October 2, 1955.
* 1948 - Olympic Games: The Games of the XIV Olympiad - After a hiatus of 12 years caused by World War II, the first Summer Olympics to be held since the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin opened in London.
* 1957 - The International Atomic Energy Agency is established.
* 1958 - The U.S. Congress formally creates the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
* 1967 - Vietnam War: Off the coast of North Vietnam the USS Forrestal catches on fire in the worst U.S. naval disaster since World War II, killing 134.
* 1967 - At the fourth day of celebrating its 400th anniversary, the city of Caracas, Venezuela was shaken by an earthquake, leaving approximately 500 dead.
* 1981 - Lady Diana Spencer marries Charles, Prince of Wales.
* 1987 - British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and President of France François Mitterrand sign the agreement to build the tunnel under the English Channel (Eurotunnel).
* 2005 - Astronomers announce their discovery of Eris.

===================
Holidays
===================

* Faroe Islands - Ólavsøka: opening of the Løgting session.
* National Anthem Day in Romania.

===================
Important Birthdays
===================

1898 - Isidor Isaac Rabi, American physicist, Nobel Prize Laureate
1900 - Eyvind Johnson, Swedish writer, Nobel Prize Laureate
1905 - Dag Hammarskjöld, Swedish 2nd UN Secretary-General, Nobel Prize Laureate
1937 - Daniel McFadden, American economist, Nobel Prize Laureate

well, it happend on this day...

=========================
Events
=========================
* 1540 - Thomas Cromwell is executed on order from Henry VIII of England on charges of treason. Henry marries his fifth wife, Catherine Howard, on the same day.
* 1609 - Bermuda is first settled, by survivors of the English Sea Venture, en route to Virginia.
* 1794 - Maximilien Robespierre is guillotined in front of a cheering crowd, for sending thousands of others to a similar fate during the French Revolution.
* 1866 - The Metric Act of 1866 becomes law and legalizes the standardization of weights and measures in the United States..
* 1914 - World War I begins: Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia after it failed to meet the conditions of an ultimatum it set on July 23 following the killing of Archduke Francis Ferdinand by a Serbian assassin. This event leads to the outbreak of war.
* 1943 - World War II: Operation Gomorrah - The British bomb Hamburg causing a firestorm that kills 42,000 German civilians.
* 1945 - A US Army B-25 bomber accidentally crashes into the 79th floor of the Empire State Building killing 14 injuring 26.
* 1955 - The Union Mundial pro Interlingua is founded at the first Interlingua congress in Tours, France.
* 1976 - The Tangshan earthquake measuring between 7.8 and 8.2 magnitude flattens Tangshan, the People's Republic of China, killing 242,769 and injuring 164,851.
* 1996 - Kennewick Man, the remains of a prehistoric man, was discovered near Kennewick, Washington.
* 1997 - Guatemala becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty.

=========================
Holidays
=========================

* Canada - Commemoration of the deportation of the Acadians
* Faroe Islands - Ólavsøka Eve
* Peru - Independence Day
* San Marino - Fall of the Fascist Government



=========================
Borned this day
=========================

1887 - Marcel Duchamp, French painter
1902 - Karl Popper, Austrian-born philosopher
1904 - Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov, Russian physicist, Nobel laureate
1971 - Stephen Lynch, American musician (come on , you gotta know this guy :), cool stand up comedian also)
1977 - Emanuel Ginóbili, Argentine basketball player

happened today [27 July]

============================
Events
============================

* 1214 - Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England.
* 1663 - The British Parliament passes the second Navigation Act requiring that all goods bound for the American colonies have to be sent in English ships from English ports.
* 1720 - The second important victory of the Russian Navy - the Battle of Grengam.
* 1778 - American Revolution: First Battle of Ushant - British and French fleets fight to a standoff.
* 1794 - French Revolution: Maximilien Robespierre is arrested after encouraging the execution of more than 17,000 "enemies of the Revolution." (See 9 Thermidor.)
* 1866 - The Atlantic Cable is successfully completed, allowing transatlantic telegraph communication for the first time.
* 1880 - Second Anglo-Afghan War: Battle of Maiwand - In a pyrrhic victory, Afghan forces led by Ayub Khan defeat the British Army in battle near Maiwand, Afghanistan.
* 1914 - Felix Manalo establishes the modern-day Iglesia ni Cristo religion by registering it with the Filipino government.
* 1921 - Researchers at the University of Toronto led by biochemist Frederick Banting announce the discovery of the hormone insulin.
* 1940 - A Wild Hare is released, introducing Bugs Bunny
* 1941 - Japanese troops occupy French Indo-China.
* 1949 - Initial flight of the de Havilland Comet, the first jet-powered airliner.
* 1953 - Korean War ends: The United States, People's Republic of China, and North Korea, sign an armistice agreement.
* 1955 - The Allied occupation of Austria stemming from World War II, ends (started on May 9, 1945).
* 1964 - Vietnam War: 5,000 more American military advisers are sent to South Vietnam bringing the total number of United States forces in Vietnam to 21,000.
* 1976 - Former Japanese prime minister Kakuei Tanaka is arrested on suspicion of violating foreign exchange and foreign trade laws in connection with the Lockheed scandal.
* 1990 - The Supreme Soviet of the Belarusian Soviet Republic declares independence of Belarus from the Soviet Union.
* 1990 - The Jamaat al Muslimeen stage a coup d'état attempt in Trinidad and Tobago, occupying Parliament and the studios of Trinidad and Tobago Television.
* 1990 - The last Citroën 2CV rolled off the production line at Mangualde, Portugal.
* 1996 - Centennial Olympic Park bombing: In Atlanta, Georgia, a pipe bomb explodes at Centennial Olympic Park during the 1996 Summer Olympics, killing one and injuring 111.
* 1996 - In Atlanta, Georgia, Canadian sprinter Donovan Bailey set the 100m world record of 9.84s +0.7 m/s wind during the 1996 Summer Olympics.
* 1997 - Si Zerrouk massacre in Algeria; about 50 people killed.
* 1999 - Twenty-one die in a canyoning disaster near Interlaken, Switzerland.
* 2002 - Ukraine airshow disaster: A Sukhoi Su-27 fighter crashes during an air show at Lviv, Ukraine killing 85 and injuring more than 100 others, the largest air show disaster in history.

============================
Holidays
============================

Cuba - Revolution Day, 2nd Day.
Philippines - Iglesia Ni Cristo Foundation Day, 27th Day.
Maldives - Independence Day, 2nd Day.
Vietnam - Memorial Day for War Martyrs.
Puerto Rico - José Celso Barbosa Day.
Ancient Latvia - Septinu Guletaju Diena held.

============================
Borned today
============================

1824 - Alexandre Dumas, fils, French author
1915 - Mario Del Monaco, Italian singer
1957 - Bill Engvall, American comedian

happened today [26 July]

======================================
Facts

1775 Benjamin Franklin becomes 1st Postmaster General
1788 New York becomes 11th state to ratify constitution
1790 US passes Assumption bill making US responsible for state debts
1835 1st sugar cane plantation started in Hawaii
1847 Liberia declares independence from American Colonization Society
1848 1st Woman's Rights Convention (Senecca Falls NY)
1863 At Salineville, OH John Hunt Morgan & 364 troops surrender
1865 Patrick Francis Healy is 1st black awarded PhD (Louvain Belgium)
1866 Canoe Club opens in England
1887 1st Esperanto book published
1905 P Gotz discovers asteroid #568 Cheruskia
1908 Federal Bureau of Investigation established
1918 Race riot in Philadelphia (3 whites & 1 black killed)
1923 James Hoyt Wilhelm, pitcher
1926 National Bar Association incorporates
1928 Yanks score 11 runs in 12th beating Tigers 12-1
1933 Joe Dimaggio ends 61 game hitting streak in Pacific Coast League
1939 Yankee catcher Bill Dickey hits 3 consecutive HRs
1943 120ø F (49ø C), Tishmoningo, Oklahoma (state record)
1945 Churchill resigns as Britain's PM
1947 Department of Defense established
1947 National Security Act establishes the CIA
1948 1st black host of a network show-CBS' Bob Howard Show
1948 Pres Truman issues Executive Order No. 9981 directing "equality of
treatment & opportunity" in the armed forces
1949 C A Wirtanen discovers asteroid #1951 Lick
1952 Mickey Mantle hits his 1st grand-slammer
1953 Cuban pirate radio station's 1st transmission at Santiago de Cuba
1953 Fidel Castro leads attack on Moncada Barracks, begins Cuban rev
1955 Ted Allen throws a record 72 consecutive horseshoe ringers
1956 Egypt seizes Suez Canal
1957 Mickey Mantle hits career HR # 200
1957 USSR launches 1st intercontinental multistage ballistic missile
1958 Army launches 4th US successful satellite, Explorer IV
1959 C Hoffmeister discovers asteroid #2183
1963 US Syncom 2, 1st geosynchronous communications satellite, launched
1964 Teamsters President Jimmy Hoffa convicted of fraud & conspiracy
1964 Train from Povoa de Varzin, Portugal derails near Oporto, 94 die
1965 Republic of Maldives gains independence from Britain (Nat'l Day)
1967 Twins beat Yanks 3-2 in 18
1969 Sharon Sites Adams, 39, becomes 1st lady to solo sail the Pacific
1971 Apollo 15 launched to the Moon
1971 N Chernykh discovers asteroid #1836 Komarov
1974 USSR's Soyuz fails to dock with Salyut 3
1975 Soyuz 18B returns to Earth
1979 Estimated 109 cm (43") of rain falls in Alvin, TX (national record)
1981 2 climbers rappell 550 m down cliff near Angel Falls, Venezuela
1981 E Bowell discovers asteroids #2845 Franklinken & #2882 Tedesco
1981 NY Mayor Ed Koch is given Heimlich maneuver in a Chinese restaurant
1982 Canada's Anik D1 Comsat launched by US Delta rocket
1983 Challenger moves to Vandenberg AFB for mating for STS-8
1983 Jarmila Kratochvilova of Czech sets 800m woman's record (1:53.28)
1986 Lebanese kidnappers released Rev Lawrence Martin Jenco
1988 Mike Schmidt sets NL record appearing in 2,155 games at 3rd base, as
Phillies & NY Mets end that game at 2:13 AM
1990 General Hospital tapes its 7,000th episode
1990 US beats the Soviet Union 17-0 in baseball at the Goodwill Games
1991 Expo's Mark Gardner no hits Dodgers for 9 innings, but loses in 10th
1991 Paul Reubens (Pee Wee Herman) is arrested in Florida, for exposing
himself at an adult movie theater

======================================
Holidays

Athens, Texas : Black-Eyed Peas Jamboree starts (07181986)
Cuba : Anniversary of Moncada Barricks attack (1953)
Liberia : Independence Day (1847)
Maldives : National Day (1965)
New York : Ratification Day (1788)
Sweden : Bellman Day- honoring Carl Michael Bellman

======================================
Borned today

* Shaw, George Bernard (1856)
* Jung, Carl (1875)
* Huxley, Aldous (1894)
* Kubrick, Stanley (1928)
* Jagger, Mick (1943)
* Mirren, Helen (1945)
* Visitor, Nana (1957)
* Spacy, Kevin (1959)
* Bullock, Sandra (1964)
* Beckinsale, Kate (1973)

on this day...[25 july]

1360 Jews are expelled from Breslau Silesia
1593 France's Protestant King Henri IV converts to Roman Catholic
1670 Jews are expelled from Vienna Austria
1729 North Carolina becomes royal colony
1759 British capture Fort Niagara from French (7 Years' War)
1775 Maryland issues currency depicting George III trampling Magna Carta
1799 French-Egyptian forces under Napolean I beat Turks at Battle of Abukir
1814 Battle of Niagara Falls (Lundy's Lane); Americans defeat British
1822 Gen Agust¡n de Iturbide crowned Agust¡n I, 1st emperor of Mexico
1832 1st railroad accident in US, Granite Railway, Quincy, Mass-1 dies
1860 1st US intercollegiate billard match (Harvard vs Yales)
1866 US Grant named 1st general of Army
1868 Territory of Wyoming created
1871 Carrousel patented by Wilhelm Schneider, Davenport, Iowa
1898 1st US troops land & occupy Puerto Rice, at Guanica Bay
1903 Castle on top of Telegraph Hill closes
1909 France's Louis Bl‚riot, makes 1st airplane flight across Engl Channel
1912 Comoros proclaimed a French colonies
1913 Carl Weilman strikes out 6 times in a 15 inning game
1913 Pirates Max Carey goes hitless, but scores 5 runs against Phillies
1916 Explosion at Lake Erie & Cleveland Waterworks
1918 Annette Adams sworn in as 1st woman district attorney of US, Calif
1918 Race riot in Chester Pennsylvania (3 blacks & 2 whites killed)
1920 Red Sox turn triple-play, but Ruth's 35th HR leads Yanks to 8-2 win
1930 Phila Athletics triple steal in the 1st & 4th innings vs Cleveland
1935 C Jackson discovers asteroid #1641 Tana
1936 115 acre Orchard Beach opens in the Bronx
1936 G Neujmin discovers asteroid #3761
1939 NY Yankee Atley Donald sets AL rookie record with 12 consecutive win
1940 John Sigmund begins swimming for 89 hrs 46 mins in the Mississippi R
1941 Red Sox Lefty Grove becomes 12th to win 300 games (his last victory)
1943 Benito Mussolini dismissed as premier of Italy during WW II
1944 1st jet fighter used in combat (Messerschmitt 262)
1946 1st bikini is shown at a Paris fashion show
1946 US detonates underwater A-bomb at Bikini (5th atomic explosion)
1947 US Air Force, Navy & War Dept form US Dept of Defense
1947 US Deptartment of the Army created
1949 St Louis Cardinal Stan Musial hits for thew cycle beating Bkln 14-1
1950 Goethe Link Observatory discovers asteroids #1799 Koussevitzky, #1822 Waterman & #2842
1951 L Boyer discovers asteroid #1714 Sy
1952 Commonwealth of Puerto Rico created (Constitution Day)
1952 Goethe Link Observatory discovers asteroid #1788 Kiess
1953 NYC transit fare rises from 10 to 15, 1st use of subway tokens
1956 Andria Doria collided with MS Stockholm & sank. (7/26?)
1956 Italian liner Andrea Doria sank after colliding with the Stockholm
1956 Jordanians attack UN Palestine truce
1957 Monarchy in Tunisa abolished in favor of a republic
1958 "Sensational" Sherri Martel wins wrestling's WWF woman's title
1961 Maris hits home runs 37, 38, 39 & 40 in a double header
1963 US, Russia & England sign nuclear test ban treaty
1964 Beatles' "Hard Day's Night, A," album goes #1 & stays #1 for 14 weeks
1964 Race riot in Rochester NY
1965 Folk-rock begins, Dylan uses electricity at Newport Folk Festival
1966 Supremes release "You Can't Hurry Love"
1966 Yankee manager Casey Stengel elected to Hall of Fame
1967 Construction begins on SF MUNI METRO (Market Street subway)
1968 H Wroblewski discovers asteroid #1993 Guacolda
1968 Pope Paul VI encyclical On the regulation of birth
1969 70,000 attend Seattle Pop Festival
1972 NL beats AL 4-3 in 43rd All Star Game (Fulton County Stad, Atlanta)
1972 US health officials concede blacks were used as guinea pigs in 40 year syphillis experiment
1973 George Harrison pays œ1,000,000 tax on his Bangladesh concert & album
1973 USSR launches Mars 5
1974 T Smirnova discovers asteroid #2345 Fucik
1975 "A Chorus Line," longest-running Broadway show (6,137), premiers
1978 Bob Lemon replaces Billy Martin as Yankee manager
1978 Cin Red Pete Rose sets NL record hitting in 38 consecutive games
1981 Voyager 2 encounters Saturn
1983 1st nonhuman primate (baboon) conceived in a lab dish, San Antonio
1983 Washington Public Power Supply System defaulted $2.25 billion
1984 Cosmonaut Svetlana Savitskaya became 1st woman to walk in space
1985 Spokeswoman for Rock Hudson confirmed he had AIDS
1987 Sherri Martel beats Fabulous Moolah for WWF Woman's Championship Belt
1987 USSR launches Kosmos 1870, 15-ton Earth-study satellite
1990 KC Royal George Brett hits for the cycle
1990 Nadezhda Ryashkina of USSR sets 10K walk woman's record (41:56.23)
1990 Roseanne Barr sings the National Anthem at San Diego Padre game
1990 US Ambassador tells Iraq, US won't take sides in Iraq-Kuwait dispute
1991 Howard Stern adds a 4th radio market (Los Angeles)
1992 25th Olympic Summer games opens in Barcelona, Spain

========================================
Holidays

Costa Rica : Annexation of Guanacaste Day/Anexi¢n de Guanacaste
Luiza Puerto Rico : Fiest of Santiago Ap¢stal
Netherlands : Independence Day
Puerto Rico : Constitution Day (1952)
Tunisia : Republic Day (1957)